Neuroprotective effect of Pycnogenol® following traumatic brain injury

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Dose- and time-dependent neuroprotective effects of Pycnogenol following traumatic brain injury.

After traumatic brain injury (TBI), both primary and secondary injury cascades are initiated, leading to neuronal death and cognitive dysfunction. We have previously shown that the combinational bioflavonoid, Pycnogenol (PYC), alters some secondary injury cascades and protects synaptic proteins when administered immediately following trauma. The purpose of the present study was to explore furth...

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in young adults and children, and is a leading public health problem worldwide. In TBI, neurological impairment is caused by immediate brain tissue disruption (primary injury) and post‑injury cellular and molecular events (secondary injury) that exacerbate the primary neurological insult. However, the destructi...

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The Role of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Mediation of Brain Antiedema Effect of Female Sex Steroids Following Traumatic Brain Injury

Background & Aims: Release of proinflammatory cytokines after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of brain edema. Previous studies demonstrated that sex steroids decrease brain edema induced by TBI. In this study changes of brain cytokines after the administration of estrogen and progesterone 24 hours after TBI were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Female rats were divided into 7 gro...

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Neuroprotective strategies for traumatic brain injury

Head trauma is a common event that often causes traumatic brain injury (TBI). Following the acute mechanical insult, TBI evolves over the ensuing minutes and days. Understanding the secondary factors that contribute to TBI might suggest therapeutic strategies to reduce the long-term consequences of brain trauma. To assess secondary factors that contribute to TBI, we studied a fluid percussion i...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Experimental Neurology

سال: 2013

ISSN: 0014-4886

DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.09.019